Diamond Gems And Jewellery Industry Commerce Essay

Diamond Gems And Jewellery Industry Commerce Essay The Indian Gem and Jewellery sector is one of the most active and fast upward sectors of the Indian Economy. The gems and jewellery sector in India is unroganised and disjointed. Around 90% of the players operate in the unorganized sector. This was a single step in an industry where traditional business environment exists. The companys operations are general in scope and global in spread cover all facets of diamond and jewellery manufacture and trading in rough and polished stones, at all key locations worldwide. The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently needy on the US markets, which is its top export target. This research comprised of activities like listing down various agencies like manufacturers, distributors, etc and also chambers and libraries like the Indian business chambers and network with them in order to gather first hand information. Diamond jewellery is increasingly serving as a fashion statement for the rich to differentiate themselves from others wearing traditional jewellery gold jewellery. The macro environment includes all relevant focus outside a companys limits applicable in thesense that they are important enough to have brought on the decision. An industry finally makes about its business model and  strategy. Gems and Jewellery is an important rising sector in the Indian Economy. Ranked among the fastest growing sectors, it is also a leading sector for foreign exchange generation. The gems and jewellery industry is very much interesting being usually exciting and originally modern. This business employees and engages millions; cover wide activities such as raw material procurement from far flung Africa, Australia, Canada and Russia, and transforming these into products in demand with the skills available in China, India, Italy and Turkey for the trendy markets in the USA, Europe, Far East, Middle East and Asia. TABLE OF CONTENT Preface 4 Acknowledgement 5 Executive summary 6 Sr. No. Particular Pg no. 1 Growth and evolution of diamond, gems and jewellery industry in India. 8 2 Product profile 9 3 Demand determination of the industry 12 4 Players in the diamond, gems and jewellery industry 13 5 Distribution channel in the industry sector 16 6 Key issues and current trends 20 7 PESTEL analysis 23 Growth and evolution of diamond, gems, and jewellery industry The Indian Gem Jewellery sector is one of the most active and fast growing sectors of the Indian Economy. The fact that India is the worlds largest source for trained, skilled and adaptive manpower along with liberalised government policies that provide a helpful environment for joint businesses, is what contributes to the continuous growth of this sector. causal around 19% to the overall Forex kitty of the country, the industrys growth over the years, Set-up in 1966, the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the increase efforts of individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias export-led growth. This height body of the gem jewellery industry has played a major role in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature. From being the worlds largest manufacturer of cut and polished diamonds to becoming the leading international trading center, Indias gems and jewellery sector is now set on a growth way. The exports grew by 38% to $14,329.23 million for January-December 2004 period as compared to $10,392.83 million in the related period the last year. GJEPC aims to boost exports of gems and jewellery to US $20 billion by 2007 and develop India as the only one-stop-shop for gems and jewellery. Also, on the anvil is the Bharat Diamond Bourse, one of the largest monoliths ever to be built in Asia. The Bharat Diamond Bourse is an urban conglomerate of place, people and activities pertaining to diamond trading. Built to provide world-class facilities to the members of the Indian diamond community, the compound aims to enhance the already largest position of the Indian diamond industry in the world market PRODUCT PROFILE GILI Gili jewellery is high quality, fine finished, machine-made, branded, diamond-studded, designer jewellery including pendants, earrings, rings and bracelets in 18k gold studded with small, well-cut, good quality diamonds, as matching sets or by themselves. The average sale price is around Rs.15, 000. Brand Values Gilis brand values are genuine diamond and gold jewellery at reasonable prices. The Brand personality is difficult, animated, competent, confident, extrovert, self made, successful and reliable. Noteworthy Gili was the brand that in India important Valentines Day to the date from it being just another date on the calendar. First jewellery brand from India to participate in Basel 2000, the Worlds biggest jewellery and watches show held in Switzerland. In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Gili at rs 1018 crores. Nakshatra Nakshatra is a circular cluster comprised six to nine stones, with the central stone larger than the stones close it, signifying a constellation. It is a modern, fashionable rendition of the traditional seven-stone Thodu and the Kuda Jodi jewellery, which are traditional Indian floral designs. The combination of traditional charisma and current style helped it gain acceptance with women across age groups. Brand Values Overt Nakshatra brand values include beauty, radiance, class, elegance and quality. Amongst the symbolic values are femininity, celestial splend our and unknown. Each design is a stylized interpretation of the basic traditional kudajodi which is believed to be positive, showering the wearer with blessings and good luck. Noteworthy The Nakshatra design is the only one to have general appeal amongst women across India. The diamonds used to make up the Nakshatra cluster were formed over 800 million years ago. In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Nakshatra at Rs. 1,014 crores. ASMI The design styling for the Asmi jewellery has always been that of wavy forms around a central rock of and above 5 points. It rightly personifies the woman of today and her inner fire. Asmi has under its support a range of typical, current yet reasonable designs in diamond jewellery. Brand Values From the outset, Asmi has aimed to fulfil every womans natural need for self-expression, and has lauded the Indian womans middle fire. Asmi is a brand that is for the woman of will, commemorating her success and inspiring her to achieve higher goals. It is an expression of the power of femaleness, indication of self-confidence, feelings and the middle spirit of a woman. The brand is also promoted as one that offers validity, Affordability expediency. Noteworthy A particular annual promotional event has always been organized on Womans Day, as the most suitable occasion to support and repeat the values and identity of the brand. In 2009, in association with FICCI Ladies Organisation, and an NGO- Fight Back, Asmi launched its Shakti Torch movement on the event of Womens Day 2009, to combat the problem of domestic violence in India. In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Asmi at Rs. 406 crores DDAMAS Ddamas has several sub-brands, each single in positioning gift. The brand also has items in all categories-rings, earrings, nose pins, pendants, bangles, bracelets, necklaces, Tanmanya, Mangalsutra, half sets and full sets. Each sub-brand under Ddamas offers stylized and fashionable designs, conceptualized and produced by an in-house team of award winning designers. Ddamas is perhaps the only jewellery brand that has offerings in virtually all product categories, across all price points, for all occasions and emotions, thus covering consumers across age-groups and demographic classes. Brand Values Ddamas embodies luxury and high aspiration, bestowing on the wearer an aura of exclusivity and modification. The vast variety of associated brands allows every customer a choice of jewellery to mirror her personality, tastes and to suit every time. There is gold and diamond studded jewellery matching various lifestyles, occasions and price points that cater to diverse customers. Ddamas is committed to the highest levels of customer satisfaction. Every piece of jewellery comes with a special certificate of validity that assures of both the diamond and the gold content in the piece. Ddamas jewellery is fully hallmarked and accompanied with a diamond certificate from IGI. Noteworthy Best Jewellery Designs- JCK and Vivah a Gold Jewellery In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Ddamas at Rs. 331 crores. Demand driver of diamond jewellery The demand drivers for the diamond processing and jewellery sector are as below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increasing acceptability of diamond jewellery in the domestic market: Traditionally, jewellery in India has mainly been gold jewellery. Diamond jewellery is lesser accepted in India due to factors such as myths associated with diamonds being unlucky in certain instances and the higher cost of diamonds. This is now changing with an increased acceptance of diamond jewellery in the domestic market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diamond as a fashion statement for the affluent: Diamond jewellery is increasingly serving as a method statement for the rich to differentiate themselves from others wearing traditional jewellery/gold jewellery. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increasing affordability: Employment of women in the workforce has been increasing due to the changing mindsets and increasing education levels among women. This has resulted in women having more impact on the purchase decisions; and women having also started purchasing jewellery for themselves as against earlier trends of jewellery purchase being primarily a family decision. Increased disposable income for working couples and lifestyle changes have aided this. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exports as a driver: As seen earlier, exports have been growing year-on-year and the 5 year CAGR (2002-03 to 2007-08) is about 13%. India currently produces around 95% of the worlds cut and polished diamond pieces. By carat weight, India is projected to process 80% Demand Drivers of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Value addition from processing to jewellery: Though India processes a large number of Diamonds; most of them are re-exported after polishing. There exists scope to increase value addition through setting into jewellery (jewellery manufacture). MAJOR PLAYERS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gitanjali Group: The Gitanjali Group was founded as a single company cutting and polishing diamonds for the jewellery operate at Surat, Gujarat, in 1966. It has become a found among major diamond and jewellery houses. The Group has dumped jewellery trade convention by launching multiple brands for multiple markets and price segments brands include Nakshatra, Ddamas, Collection, Asmi, Sangini and Gili. It opened up distribution via superstores, department stores and other retail outlets at MRP, supported by international certifications of in principle tested clarity and validity, across India and in the worlds jewellery capitals. Operations of the Gitanjali Group span the world, all the way from USA, UK, Belgium, Italy and the Middle East to Thailand, South East Asia China, and Japan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Su-Raj Diamonds Jewellery Ltd.: Su-Raj is resulting from contraction of two names viz. Suresh and Rajnikant, the founders of Su-Raj Group in the early Sixties. The company on hand its shares to the public in the year 1986 and became the first company in the industry to opt for public issue in India. This was a single step in an industry where traditional business environment exists. The companys operations are universal in scope and global in increase top all facets of diamond and jewellery manufacture and trading in rough and polished stones, at all key locations universal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suashish Diamonds Ltd.: Suashish Diamonds Ltd was incorporated in October 1988. Suashish is single in the diamond industry as it is one of the few players that have activities across value chain there by retaining higher margins. Its business activities include sourcing ofrough diamonds to selling finished diamond jewellery through its retail jewellery brand Ishis. Suashish has employed cutting border technology throughout its diamond and jewellery manufacturing processes. It has subsidiaries and intentional partnerships in all major markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shrenuj Co. Ltd.: Shrenuj Company Limited and its subsidiaries take on in the manufacture and sale of diamonds and jewellery in India and internationally. The company operates in two segments, Diamonds and Jewellery. The Diamonds segment engages in cutting and polishing of diamonds. This segment offers polished diamonds in full cut and single cut rounds, as well as in fancy shapes, such as princess, baguettes, marquise, pear, oval, emerald, and heart in various colours and clarities. The Jewellery segment provides diamond Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Gems and Jewellery Industry studded gold/platinum jewellery. The company was founded in 1906, is based in Mumbai, India and employs about 3,000 employees. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tanishq: Tanishq is one of Indias principal jewellery brands. Started in 1995, Tanishq is the jewellery business of Titan Industries Ltd promoted by the TATA group. Tanishq has set up production and sourcing bases with through research of the jewellery crafts of India. Tanishq today is Indias most aspirational fine jewellery brand with 91 stores in 64 cities, with an exquisite range of gold jewellery studded with diamonds or coloured gems and a wide range of equally amazing jewellery in 22Kt pure gold. Exquisite platinum jewellery is also part of the product range diamond Gems and Jewellery Gitanjali Group Shrenuj Company Suraj Diamonds and Jewellery Limited Rajesh Exports Asian Star Titan Industries (Tanishq into sell), Bangalore Suashish Diamond Rosy Blue B. Vijaykumar Laxmi Diamond K Girdharilal C. Mehendra Exports J.B Brothers Tara Ultimo Vaibhav Gems, Jaipur Sheetal Manufacturing Major players Companies Market cap (rs in crore) Shree Gan. Jew 720 Goldiam intl. 75 SRS 589 Thangamayil jew. 434 Renaissance jew. 135 Shrenuj co 489 C.mahendra exp 476 Gitanjali gems 4479 Titan inds 27184 Rajesh exports 3719 Goenka diamond 921 Tbz 1813 Classic diamond 16 Kanani inds. 360 Winsome diamonds 346 Vaibhav global 278 Key Issues of the Sector Unorganised Sector The gems and jewellery sector in India is unorganised and opening. Around 90% of the players operate in the unorganised sector mostly in family-run operations. The nature of the sector prevents it from achieving economies of scale. Also, being largely unorganised, the sector mainly uses labour-intensive and original technology that affects their growth projection. Further, the sector finds it difficult to add to their global competitiveness due to difficulties in adopting technology as a result of poor financial capital and high labour costs per unit. Threat from China Currently, China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India; however, it is slowly communicable up and is bullying to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominant position in the world. The labour cost in China is the lowest, just like in India; however, the gap between the two countries is narrowing slowly. Besides, the Chinese economy is growing fast and is creating a demand for gems and jewellery in the domestic market. Further, many diamond manufacturers from Belgium and Israel are setting up manufacturing plants in China. India also faces risk from China in terms of knowledge adoption, which allows China to process diamonds at a more competitive price. Predominance of the US market The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US market, which is its top export destination. The growth of gems and jewellery sector is closely dependent on the growth of demand in the US market. However, the recent appreciation of the rupee in relation to the US dollar and a slowdown of the US economy have forced the concerns for the sector. All these factors need Indias venture into other geographical locations. During FY07, the exports to the US market registered a growth of 14% over exports of FY06; however, owing to the slowdown in the US economy, the exports grew only 1.15% in FY08 over the previous year. In the current situation the heavy dependence on the US market has affected the exporters as they are facing a drop in orders and delayed payments. Exchange Rate/Currency Risk The gems and jewellery sector is affect by the rupee/dollar exchange rate because it is export-oriented. Any instability in the exchange rates affects the margins of the players. For instance, the recent approval in the rupee against the dollar had made the exports of gems and jewellery less competitive in its key export destinations. High Level of Inventories As the gems and jewellery sector is highly dependent on imports for its raw materials, the players have to maintain a high level of inventory. However, maintaining this inventory becomes difficult for the players during the drooping season, as it carries inventory price risk. For instance, due to the current recessionary trends, the demand drooping and inventory piled up much to the chagrin of the players. Decreasing Diamond Reserves The supply of rough diamonds is likely to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are decreasing. There has been no major diamond keep discovery since 2003, when assets were last discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada. The complete supply will push up the prices of rough diamonds, which will further put pressure on margins. Future supply levels are largely needy on the industrys ability to identify new diamond deposits. Competition from Other Luxury Goods With the increase in disposable income and the change in standard of living, the demand for luxury goods such as perfumes, consumer electronics, leather, automobile, gadgets etc are also increasing. The gems and jewellery sector is experience competition from these luxury goods, which is eating into the market share of the division. Beneficiation in Mining Countries India is facing a threat from the emerging cutting and polishing centres in the diamond-producing countries such as South Africa, Ghana, Angola, Botswana, Namibia etc. The local government is increasingly pressurising the African countries for processing locally-mined materials such as diamonds within the country itself to increase earnings through value addition to the vast natural resources that these countries possess. South Africa has launched a draft Beneficiation Strategy for the minerals industry of South Africa in March 2009. The newly-formed African Diamond Producers Association (ADPA) is advocating establishing a joint policy that would support beneficiation across Africa. This could lead to fewer rough goods being made available on the open market and in creating a threat to the existing diamond processing centres such as India, as new processing centres comes up. Global Economic Slowdown The global economic slowdown has hit the Indian gems and jewellery division hard. As the sector was primarily dependent on exports to the US and European countries, the meltdown in these countries affected the gems and jewellery sector to a great extent. The players faced issues relating to inventory build-up and liquidity pressure. A number of diamond units in Gujarat were shut down that render thousands of workers jobless. Further, the bank finance, which was largely in dollar terms, also faced a delay due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. This further added to the woes of the players who were full to come out of the global depression. Even though the sector is in the recovery mode, owing to a gradual recovery of global markets, the credit cycle of the sector has changed severely. The delayed payments from customers have raised the interest outflows for the companies. Synthetic Diamonds The sector also faces a face in the form of integration of artificial or man-made diamonds. With the start of technology, it is difficult to discriminate between natural and synthetic diamonds. It may so happen that the imitation diamonds are accepted on as real diamonds and in the long run, this could affect the authority of the sector. Further, as unreal diamonds are much cheaper and identical to the synthetic diamonds, these diamonds may find customers that is a reserve to the natural diamond and may finish positive eating into the market share of the diamond industry. Issue of difference Diamonds India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of the same, therefore, it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds. Conflict diamonds are those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Democratic nation of Congo to fund illegal military wars. In spite of the KP certification, there an issue related to fake KP certificate. These fake certificates put diamond importing countries at a risk of dealing in variance diamonds. Opportunities for the Sector Entering New Markets The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years. However, with the current global delay, the dependence on the US market has unnatural the Indian gems and jewellery sector tremendously. The sector is exploring new locations to vary business and to minimise the risk. Russia, Middle East and China are few of the rising destinations that are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand. The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap these countries to diversify and increase their business. Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world. Indias vast, low cost and very skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries. However, it is largely involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds, which weigh less than one carat. Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high universal share in terms of number of pieces; however, in terms of value the share is much lower. By moving up the value chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports. Large diamonds are less generally set up in nature. Therefore, the price of a diamond rises exponentially with its size. Indian exporters who have authority in processing of small stones have already started moving into cutting of large and medium size stones. For moving up the value chain, the industry should try forward and backward integration. Hence strategic alliances with producers of roughs and retailers of jewellery could lead to higher market share. Given Indias low cost and skill labours, there exists an chance for processing large stones, which will provide the players with higher margins as well as rise in realisations on capex. Value Addition There exists a huge chance for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds and to export diamond studded jewellery. India is already a leader in processing small-sized diamonds and it also has natural capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery. Further, with its dominance in processing small diamonds, India has an advantage of manufacturing reasonable diamond jewellery for the world market. Jewellery Retail The Indian retail sector is increasing fast. This provides an excellent chance for the Indian players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up in the Indian markets. Further, this move will also provide an organised structure to the largely unorganised gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector. Outsourcing core India can become an outsourcing hub for design and manufacturing jewellery. There is an increased trend of outsourcing design with manufacturing of jewellery from India by global retail players such as Wal-mart and JC Penny. The players in the area can tap this opportunity to expand business, reduce risk and increase revenues. View point The vision for the gem and jewellery sector is positive. On account of the global recovery, the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a recovery mode. In December 2009, the exports from the sector grow by 45.35% as compared with the same period in 2008. According to GJEPC, the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009, which indicates a slow recovery for the sector. The positive trend is expected to continue, as major economies are showing signs of recovery, which is resulting in fresh orders for the sector. Further, the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic market, going forward. As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India, there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic market. ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS IN VARIOUS SECTORS The project involved analyzing and evaluating distribution channels of various companies belonging to sector. 1. Precious and semi precious stones, 2. White goods, 3. Cement, 4. FMCG Methodology: This research comprised of activities like listing down various agencies like manufacturers, distributors, etc and also chambers and libraries like the Indian merchant chambers and interacting with them in order to collect first hand information. PRECIOUS AND SEMI PRECIOUS STONES The Indian Gems and Jewellery industry is an age old industry and comprises mainly of two types of markets, viz the controlled sector and the unorganized sector. The organized sector with celebrated jewelers, Public Sector Units (PSUs), etc forms only 10% of the precious and semi-precious stones market, whereas, the unorganized sector forms 90% of the gems and jewellery market in India. The unorganized sector employs around 1.5 million workers serving over 0.1 million gold jewelers and over 8000 diamond jewelers. Precious and semi-precious stones industry is a main earner of foreign exchange. This sector contributes around 17% of Indias exports. The bulk of the Indian gems and jewellery exports comprise imports of rough diamonds, cutting and polishing in India, and re-exports. Cut and Polished Diamonds (CPD) and gold Jewellery account for nearly 95% of Indias gems and jewellery exports. India is the worlds leading diamond cutting and polishing center, accounting for 53% share of the global polished diamond market in terms of value. India imports gold from South Africa, Switzerland, Australia, Hong Kong and UAE. The domestic consumption of diamonds have been 626.9 crores in 2001-02 to 483.4 crores in02-03 and reached and all time high of 1771.3 crores in 2003-04 and the trend has continued in 2004-05 as well. The market size has also witness a rise of around 10% in 2003-04 over 2002-03. The value of domestic sales has been 7200 crores, 7400 crores and 7650 crores in 01-02, 02-03 03-04 respectively. Exports of cut and polished diamonds has been 5892, 7385 and 8240 million dollars in 01- 02, 02-03 03-04 respectively, whereas, exports of Jewellery studded with diamonds has been 553, 719 and 934 million dollars in 01-02, 02-03 03-04 respectively. Consumer Demographics Buying Patterns of Indian Consumers There is a very high consumption in the western and the northern markets of India, viz, Mumbai and New Delhi, New Delhi being the head. In India, the purchase of Jewellery is quite regular and occasion driven. There is a higher consumption during festivals like Diwali, Dassera, Ganesh Chaturthi, etc. and also during the marriage season, which is spread from November to March. Mechanics of Distribution Channels of Sector Since precious and semi precious stones industry is divided into organized and unorganized sector, the mechanics of the distribution channels of the players belonging to these sectors has also been different. Nationally, the branded jewelers of the organized sector cater to the consumers via a 1 or a 2 level supply chain which comprise of either only franchise retail outlets and other retails or wholesalers and then retailers. The players of the unorganized sector, on the other hand, either plainly sell their manufactured products to retailers or have branch offices in cities where the products are transferred and sold to end consumers or to retailers in the particular city. Web: www.beemanagement.com Email: [emailprotected] Web: www.astrategies.com Email: [emailprotected] December 2005 Copyright  © 2005 Bee Management Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. 2 Raw diamonds and other Jewellery is imported from sources, manufactured and polished here and either shipped or transported by air to the final destination In exported countries the products are either transferred to retailers who are clients or to branch office who in turn sell it to the retailers. Whether domestic sales or exports overall, the levels of mediators in the gems and Jewellery industry do not really exceed 2 to 3 levels. This report contains detailed analysis of renowned Gems and Jewellery companies. The PESTEL analysis The macro environment includes all relevant focus outside a companys margins relevant in thesense that they are important enough to have brought on the decision. A business finally makes about its business model and  strategy.   Companys strategy may be needed for answer it. Micro environment includes all general force that does not directly  touch on  the short  run activities  of the  organization but  that can  and  often  does,  in dulgenceits also ran decisions. Political Factors:- The Government of India (GoI) has been working to develop the Diamond industry in India through several initiatives but under the purview of Diamond industry. The main political factors are as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Excise duty: In the budget of year 2008-09 government decrease excise duty from 10% to 5% on cut and polished diamond units. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Marketing  and  control  orders:  Import  of  rough  diamonds  illegal  by  the Jewellry  export Promotion Councils .The Council provides market information to its members about foreign trade inquiries, trade and tariff regulations, rates of import duties, and information about Diamond fair and exhibitions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢FDI approva

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Let us all here assembled constitute ourselves prophets of a new order of competence and of courage. This is more than a political campaign; it is a call to arms. Give me your help, not to win votes alone, but to win in this crusade to restore America to its own peopleRead MoreThe Great Depression Trademarks America1544 Words   |  7 Pagesastronomical levels of unemployment, as well as the New Deal program developed to combat the Great Depression. Powell, who was born and educated in London, earned a master’s degree in history and he clearly demonstrates his views to the reader. In his words, FDR’s presidency did not aid the economic state but drove it further back as well as his inability to solve of any of the problems within The Great Depression. The main goals of the New Deal programs were to lower the unemployment and help put moneyRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal1289 Words    |  5 Pagesclosed because people kept withdrawing money so they would not be affected by the economic downfall. Roosevelt wasted no time upon his presidential start and immediately started working with Congress to get out of this depression. With both of his â€Å"New Deal† plans he started to turn the country around and make plenty of enemies while doing so. Roosevelt took action quickly as he reached the oval office because of the famous â€Å"First 100 Days† in which Roosevelt met with Congress one hundred times to

Theodore Roosevelt s First Progressive President

Theodore Roosevelt is considered by many to be America’s first progressive president due to his conservationism, his military prowess, and the natural ease with which he handled national and worldwide politics. He had a vision for the place he wanted America to be, a courage that made him admirable, and a jovial attitude that made people love him. Not only did he take steps to make the office of president more important than it once was, he tried to do so in ways that were important. One of these ways was by protecting the natural beauty of America so that it would not be entirely depleted before it could replenish itself. Another way was by proving his leadership, his bravery, and his dedication to complete the task at hand in the military. His struggle for equality in his nation and international peace also show his determination to make the world better. These points prove that Theodore Roosevelt had his eyes set on the future and was determined to move toward it. Conservat ionism, the preservation and protection of natural resources, is something that Roosevelt frequently stressed the importance of during his presidency. Roosevelt believed that the government had a responsibility to take care of the nation’s environment, so he worked to create many parks, agencies, and acts to do so (The Theodore Roosevelt Administrations.). The President even said, â€Å"†¦natural resources are not limited by the boundary lines which separate nations, and that need for conserving them uponShow MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Era1392 Words   |  6 PagesVice President of William McKinley died in November 1899 Theodore Roosevelt won the nomination unanimously. Little did Theodore know that this was the beginning of his rise to the presidency. He campaigned vigorously for McKinley which eventually lead to their landslide victory in 1900. Roosevelt spent six uneventful months as Vice President, as his most notable action was thrilling hi s supporters with words â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.† On September 6th, President McKinleyRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt, President Of New York1745 Words   |  7 Pageson October 27, 1858, Theodore Roosevelt was governor of New York before becoming U.S. vice president. At age 42, Teddy Roosevelt became the youngest man to assume the U.S. presidency after President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901. He won a second term in 1904. Known for his anti-monopoly policies and ecological conservationism, Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for his part in ending the Russo-Japanese War. He died in New York on January 6, 1919. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on OctoberRead MoreProgressivism : A Great Number Of Urban Middle Class1722 Words   |  7 PagesThananun Prasertsup (Nine) History Research 420 Word Count: Progressivism in the Roosevelt Corollary From 1900 to about 1920, a great number of urban middle class people began to consider problems created by urbanization, class conflict, immigration, corruption, etc. This broad movement had large effects on American politics and the name of this time, known as the Progressive Era. Not only did the progressive movement happen in the era, Latin American economic crises also occurred. Venezuela wasRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt s Study Of The War Of 18121318 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858 and died on January 6, 1919. He was the son of Theodore Roosevelt Senior, and Martha Stewart Bulloch, and was fortunate enough to attend Harvard University and Colombia Law School. He accomplished a lot of things in his life which led to him having a successful career in whatever he pursued. He was a politician, author naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who happened to become the 26th president of the United States of AmericaRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the early 1900’s the president of the United States of America was a man called Theodore Roosevelt. Although he began his term as president with the death of President McKinley, his period in the White House turned out to be one of the most progressive periods in American history. His progressive policies influenced the direction that the country would take in the twentieth century. In the following paper I will explain several of Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive polices. Specifically IRead MoreRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson: Progressive Presidents1675 Words   |  7 Pagescountry and the Progressive Era, more than a decade. The presidents of this time, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, were like chefs developing a recipe for the betterment of the United States. Every act that was passed, each decision that was made, was a trial or taste-test of the constantly changing recipe for the country. If something angered citizens or drew criticism, the president went back to his office, his kitchen, and was ready to make more changes. Where he left off in the progressive recipe, theRead MoreThe Age Of Uncertainty Between 1890 And 1920 s A New Movement Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has been plagued with the â€Å"American Dream† since its citizens first started spreading out westward in search of wealth and fame. Along with this American ideal came the concept of being un-Am erican and not standing for what was considered â€Å"true† American. With the emergence of Populists, Progressives and Radicals came a vast difference between what was thought as American. All groups claimed to be trying to make the US a better place however each differed vastly in their ideas of going aboutRead MoreThe First Modern President Of The United States1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe First Modern President of the United States: Theodore D. Roosevelt Some may wonder why Theodore Roosevelt would deserve the title â€Å"the First Modern President†. He accomplished many things, and although he was liked by most, he promised he would not run a second term. In his short four years as president, Theodore Roosevelt was able to pass many acts such as: Dolliver-Hepburn Railroad Act, Extension of Forest Reserve, National Irrigation Act, Improvement of waterways and reservation of waterpowerRead MoreThe Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt1001 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground. Theodore roosevelt, I can honestly say was one of the the most influential and active presidents we ve ever been graced to have. Being the voice of the people, aided our country in environmental concerns, Excelling in foreign policies and winning the nobel peace prize. He had an incredibly fulfilling and prosperous life. Theodore Roosevelt was one of most dynamic Presidents in all of American history. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City, to Theodore RooseveltRead MoreThe Election of 1912 Essay1054 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, Americans faced the challenge of choosing between four strong candidates of the election of 1912. Each candidate held concrete platforms that would have different effects on progressivism. Americans could chose the conservative presidential incumbent William Howard Taft(R), the New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson (D), the long-time fighter for social reform-Eugene V. Debs (S), or the former president Theodore Roosevelt of the newly formed Bull Moose Party (Progressive Party)

Media And Its Effect On Society - 2429 Words

Since you know this world is a pure chaos in many forms in any name you can reference to. We, Society, are the most distinctive cultural patterns and organized group of persons connected together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes you can name of. There is many problems are happening nowadays, which it seems worsen than in the past generations. Most of problem causing I am seeing in this generation is Media itself are playing a significant role in our society today. It is all around us, from the shows we watch on television, the music we listen to on the radio, and to the books and magazines we read each day. Television, Camera, Computers, and other large to small things are the goal to interfere to numberless of different goals, strategies, and other existence by trying to set for the range from entertaining to educating which end up in confusion big time. What I see is what media nowadays are showing are mostly women, race oppre ssion, sexism, and perfection. As you see what s happening to women’s equality are in the lack system from the past to today. To the point where it is media causing a negative problem about women is where feminine beauty are presented in almost all forms of popular media, barraging women with images that expose what is considered to be the ideal body.† So, that means it is called Feminism. There is another name is Feminist, which a person s belief that women are and should be treated asShow MoreRelatedMedia And Its Effects On Society976 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society if one were to walk down a populated sidewalk, it would seem merely impossible to spot a sole not twiddling away on their phone. With an entire world unfolding at their fingertips, we witness a society that has become addicted to media. Used as a powerful source of knowledge and entertainment, media plays an enormous role in the development of human life and gender distinction. Through the use of media, guidelines consisting of generated ideas and ways of living, affect both menRead MoreThe Media And Its Effect On The Society957 Words   |  4 Pageshis loyalty (Vaughn, 2013). The media emphasizes that the rising intensity of the rivalry is the main factor that is resulting in the increase of gang activities, but the lack of questioning by the media on the possible causal factors that lead to the crime limits the understanding of the motives. The media misplaces confidence in the judgments of the SPD, by only questioning for details of the specific shooting and not the factors that may have caused it. The media simply accepting the SPD s claimRead MoreMedia And Its Effects On Society1709 Words   |  7 PagesViolence is much more socially acceptable in today’s society than it was hundreds of years ago, which is mostly caused by technological advances. As technology expanded, so did our generation’s tendency for violence. With all the breakthroughs in social interaction using technology, the media has become a large contributor to society. Coinciding with the first amendment to free speech, the media is a very valuable and powerful tool in spreading information when used for important purposes. HoweverRead MoreMedia And Its Effects On Society1236 Words   |  5 Pageswithout the average American engaging in some form of technology laced with advertisements, whether it be a minute long video prefacing a Yout ube video or a thirty second long Pandora audio commercial. A common theme emerges throughout these forms of media, the subordination of women. TV shows, video games, movies, and songs frequently portray women as objects, dehumanizing them by showing them as being subservient to men, or showing them as adhering to stereotypical behavior. On one hand, some argueRead MoreThe Media And Its Effect On Society1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe media plays a huge role in molding the public mind. The public has a collective thought process of the world and the media is always there to shape up that perception of the world. The Running Man takes place in a dystopian future where the masses are fully controlled by the Government and people are oblivious to their surroundings like a herd of sheep, steered any way the Network desires. The media is the largest outlet for propaganda and there are no competitors to the Network for they haveRead MoreMedia and Its Effects on Society1437 Words   |  6 PagesMedia and its Effects on Society Media plays a crucial role in our life nowadays. It serves as a bridge that connects people to the world, leading to a global exchange of information and knowledge. Media also offers platform for people to voice their thoughts on political and social issues, providing room for different perspectives. Unquestionably, media affects our life in nearly every ways. With a turn of a magazine page, a tune on a radio, or a flip of a TV channel, media somewhat plays a partRead MoreThe Media And Its Effect On Society1622 Words   |  7 Pageslife, or in people society, such as politicians or well-known actresses. Though they re still icons of our day, many people in our technological and media influenced days look toward television, film, books and other forms of arts. However, representation is not always fair nor is it proper when it comes to certain groups of human society. Many people who struggle with discrimination in their daily life, struggle with finding proper and real representatio n in our mainstream media. 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Adoption And Foster Care In California Free Essays

With the advent of societal changes the numbers of children in foster care has risen, as have the complexity of their problems. In Califoronia, approximately 100,000 children are in out-of-home placement with parental substance abuse the most common reason for entry (California Department of Social Services, 7). A study by Lewis and associates (1995) reported the number of drug exposed infants entering foster care increased 3000% from 1981 to 1993 in Los Angeles County. We will write a custom essay sample on Adoption And Foster Care In California or any similar topic only for you Order Now Takayama and colleagues (1998) reported that nearly 80% of the children entering foster care in San Francisco Country had a substance abusing parent and over 90% of infants entering foster care were prenatally drug exposed.   Foster explains that perniciously addictive crack cocaine and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have largely been responsible for dramatic increases of children with health related problems being placed in foster care (Foster, 11).   â€Å"Children whose parents abuse alcohol and drugs are almost three times more likely to be abused and more than four times more likely to be neglected† (Foster, 14). Another factor increasing foster care population is the reductions in welfare benefits, which have shown a relationship to increases in child abuse and neglect referrals (Children’s Defense Fund, as cited in Freundlich, 2000). According to the Children’s Defense Fund (as cited in Freundlich, 2000), child abuse and neglect referrals went up 12% when the families’ welfare benefits were reduced 2.7%.   These same Los Angeles County figures showed an increase the following year of 20% referrals when benefits were reduced by 5.8%. Many children are placed in child protective custody because of neglect (Foster, 29) with the second most common reason being physical abuse, but in a number of cases children enter foster care because of reasons related to poverty.   Finally, the welfare mandatory work requirements for benefits with scarce provisions for child care exacerbates the tensions that a single parent faces. With the 5-year lifetime welfare cap and a 20% reduction in the Food Stamp Program many families will not be able to sustain a safe and stable home.   In response to these reductions and pressures, more children may enter into the protective care and stay longer. In addition to reduced income, some families with disabled children stand to lose their Supplemental Security Income, due to tighter eligibility requirements (Freundlich, 35).   In all, there are twice as many children entering the child welfare system as there were 20 years ago (Foster, 35). Adoption in some form has been used to help families since recorded history.   A common form of informal adop tion utilized in colonial America was to indenture child ­ren to a family for the purpose of learning a trade (Hacsi, 164). Later, orphan asylums were operated to feed and house â€Å"poor and parentless children† (Foster, 41). Extreme poverty led some families to â€Å"place-out† their own children until they became economic ­ally viable family again (Hasci, 165). These informal adoption measures were gradually replaced as a new professionalism in child welfare began. The growing involvement of state and federal govern ­ment in child welfare and the establishment of the juvenile court system in 1900 altered and â€Å"greatly increased the numbers of state wards† (Hasci, 172). California led the way in 1915, by regulating and licensing placement home agencies and in 1920, started making payments for out of home care for those declared needy by the juvenile court (Hasci, 172).California state government encouraged adoption rather than boarding-out because it saved money and cut ties to biological parents who were thought of as being â€Å"morally delinquent† (Hasci, 173). Depression era funding created Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) with the goal of keeping children in the home by supporting impoverished families (Hasci, 173).   The role of government continues to dictate child welfare policies based on prevailing societal attitudes and current research. During the 1960s, federal foster care funding and the discovery of the â€Å"battered child syndrome† combined to further change the dynamics of child welfare.   Child pro ­tection against abuse became a nationwide concern and there was money in the coffers to fund a foster care system (Foster, 47). Money, awareness, and mandatory reporting laws increased foster care rolls from 300,000 in 1962, to 500,000 in 1977 (Foster, 49).   Numerous laws have been passed to organize and encourage adoption rates.   Originally the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 was enacted to offset an unintended conse ­quence of foster care. Moving from one foster home to another repeatedly exacerbated the adjustment and developmental problems of children already exposed to unstable and unsafe home environments.   It was hoped that this law would expedite reunification efforts while slowing down foster drift by encouraging preventative strategies. Currently, adoption policy guided through President Clinton’s 1997, Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) focuses on a parallel approach which emphasizes reuni ­fication and permanency options simultaneously.   Parents who are unable or unwilling to aggressively pursue reuni ­fication dictates will lose parental rights; however, much less time is wasted because of the joint approach and, therefore, children gain permanent homes sooner (Foster, 55). Although it seems logical now to encourage foster parents to adopt their foster children, affectionate ties were discouraged and sanctioned by many court cases (Stephens, 1992).   Prior to 1974 two-thirds of the states, including California, discouraged adoption by foster parents (Meezan, Shireman, 14). Information had been postulated too regarding the deleterious effects of a lack of permanence in children’s formative years.   As early as 1952, researchers Bowlby and Robertson discovered and described the three phases of protest, despair, and detachment that an infant or toddler will display when separated from their affectionate care giver and by 1969, Bowlby had published the first of three volumes about the importance of early and consistent attachment. However, the dissemination of this important finding was not significantly applied to practice until Congress passed the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, thereby recognizing the importance of permanency placement (Katz, 220). In December 1996, President Clinton directed the US Department of Heals and Human Services (DHHS) to develop strategies to achieve permanency more quickly for children in the foster care system and double the number of adoptions to 54,000 by fiscal year 2002. Data available at the current moment showed that while the number of children in foster care increased from 242,000 in 1983 to almost 500,000 in 1995, the number of adoptions of children in out of home care stayed between 17,000 to 20,000 during this same period (Maza, 445). Clinton’s directive, disseminated by DHHS as Adoption 2002: A Response to the Presidential Executive Memorandum on Adoption made two important recommendations: (1) States were to develop plans to double their adoptions and set annual targets for the adoptions to be finalized through 2002 and upcoming years; (2) States would be rewarded with an annual financial bonus for each adoption finalized over the baseline number of adoptions (Maza, 449). Subsequently, the Adoption and Safe Families Act was passed and disbursements to child welfare agencies were authorized to increase the number of children adopted. It qualified a state to receive $4,000 for each adoption over the baseline of previous years and an additional $2,000 for each adoption finalized with a Title IV-E Adoption Assistance agreement (an additional payment for children with special needs) (Maza, 450). Medical, behavioral, developmental and educational (if appropriate) assessments are necessary to finalize an adoption. These assessments are confidential and are kept in the child’s record to document appropriate and mandated care. In San Francisco County and Los Angeles County, HIV screening is also a routine part of medical assessment for at-risk children in foster care. In 1996, the California state Department of Social Services formed the Adoption Policy Advisory Council to review adoption policies in California. The council created the Concurrent Planning Workgroup to develop and implement a model of concurrent planning as part of this effort (Williams, 18). This group assisted in developing Assembly Bill 1544, which became state law effective January 1, 1998, as Chapter 793, Statutes of 1997. Chapter 793 requires that a concurrent plan be developed for every child entering out-of-home care. Concurrent planning is a well-known approach to facilitating timely permanency for children in foster care. The concurrent plan names the child’s permanency alternative to reunification – adoption, guardianship, or emancipation – and describes the services necessary to achieve this if reunification fails. Chapter 793 also explicitly clarified that certain concurrent planning activities -placement in a fost-adopt home, detailing services necessary to achieve legal permanence for child if reunification fails in the case plan, or providing such services concurrently with reunification efforts – could not, in and of themselves, be evidence of a failure to provide reasonable efforts. The law did not require that the permanent plan be pursued concurrently with the reunification plan. When reunification appears likely, â€Å"concurrent planning services† may consist of reassessing the family’s situation in 90 days (Williams, 19). Chapter 793 also added a section to the Welfare and Institutions code requiring the court to query the birth mother at an early hearing regarding any presumed or alleged fathers. The court is subsequently responsible to provide hearing notice to all alleged fathers, with a paternity determination required of all men who respond. The hope is to avoid delays due to birth fathers’ surfacing at termination of parental rights hearings and requesting parental rights and services, or objecting to termination of parental rights (Williams, 21). The California law also requires that the case plan describe whether the parent was advised of the option of relinquishment. WORKS CITED Freundlich, M. Adoption and ethics:   The market forces in adoption.   Washington, DC:   Child Welfare League of America, 2000 California Department of Social Services, Data Analysis and Publications Branch, 2000 Foster, L. K. Foster care fundamentals:   An overview of California’s foster care system. California Research Bureau, California State Library, 2001 Hacsi, T. From indenture to family foster care: A brief history of child placing.   Child Welfare, 74, 162-181, 1995 Meezan, W., Shireman, J. Care commitment. Albany, New York:   State University of New York Press, 1985 Katz, L. Effective permanency planning for children in foster care.   National Association of Social Workers, 220-226, 1990, May Maza, P.L. Using administrative date to reward agency performance: The case of the federal Adoption Incentive Program. Child Welfare, 79(5): 444-456 Williams, L. Concurrent planning implementation guide. Sacramento, CA:California Department of Social Services, 2001 How to cite Adoption And Foster Care In California, Papers

Risk Management Business Workplace

Question: Describe about thr Risk Management in Business Workplace. Answer: Insert Date Dear Penny Binskin, I wanted to express my concern about certain risks prevailing within the workplace, which I mentioned in my last mail, i.e., relating to banking, travel, by-law compliance and human resources. The possibilities of such risks have been determined after meeting with the supervisor and landlord of the store. These possible risks somehow can be eradicated with the adaptation of certain measures and controlling mechanisms. For instance, the organisations inadequate controlling mechanism of keeping the bank deposits, cash and sales record, causes the risk related to banking. The organisation currently has lack of proper regime for keeping the bank records and $4,000 are kept overnight in the store. Lack of securities in the store premises increases the possibility of break-ins. Another risk, which I also discussed in my last mail, is related to travel risk, as the travel time between central bakery and store location is of two hours. I also want to raise the concern over the issue of by-law compliance risk, as policies and procedures of the company have not been documented in written form. Another risk is related with human resources, as employees lack understanding of the use of various equipments effectively. The detailed summary of risk, possibility of its occurrence, probable consequences and plan of treatment initiatives have been discussed in a lucid manner. However, proper justifications regarding adaptation of measures are also presented to raise concern about the matter and seek suggestions about further proceedings on the issues. Kindly let us inform, if necessitated additional information regarding the matter. Yours Sincerely, Your Name Assistant Manager Risk Management Plan Risk (provide a description of the risk) Risk Likelihood Consequence Rating Treatment Plan Risk priority (14) Rationale behind the effectives and feasibility for the organisation Travel Risk The travelling time between location of the store and the central bakery is of two hours. Such a long journey travelling made it difficult to reach within time from Red Hill to Perth. The pastries are prepared during the morning hours in the central bakery and delivery could only be possible in the afternoon period. Moreover, high rush and traffic congestion further increases the problem. The concern also rises about receiving company-branded supplies within the time. Problem related to large distance travelling also made it difficult in retain the customers expectation and in the long run, this can be a major issue for the business. The risk related to uncertain accidents also rise due to narrow steep and long distance travelling, as manager every week visit the factory for meeting and it last until evening. High: The likelihood of travel risk is high because of frequent requirements of raw materials are required in stores. Moreover, the risk related to delay in supplies are also high because during afternoon there were high rush and congestion in the roads. The possible consequences of travel risk are as follows: 1. Delay in supply to customers with uncertain delay in receiving pastries 2. Possibility of delay in the organisational operations resulting to slow supply chain process 3. Probable accidental issues for the manager travelling in peak hours from the central bakery after meeting 4. Uneven delay in deliverance of pastries could further evolve issue related to hygiene factor and resulted interruption in manufacturing process (The University of Tennessee, 2014; Kroese, 2010) To mitigate this risk, the possible mechanism should include renting the central bakery plant into nearby location of the store. The work in the weekly meeting and formality of refreshment must be completed earlier so that the managers do not need to travel during rush hours. Besides, discussion based on teleconferencing can be the alternative mechanism of meeting. 2 Establishing central plant in nearby location will enable saving travelling time required for procuring the raw materials and improves delivery time. Additionally, reducing meeting time will lower the possibility of accident and injury, which is probably higher while travelling during the peak hours in steep narrow roads (Fawcett, Magnan McCarter, 2008). Banking Risk The financial measures in store are inappropriate and possibly result to fraud and financial misappropriations. The store does not have adequate policy regime for keeping bank deposits, payment receive and paid in cash, withdrawing of cash and sales record. Risk related to robbery also exists, as around $4,000 is stored in stores cash counter overnight. The daily transaction registers and reports are not updated regularly. The store does not have adequate safe measure in its premises, which increase the possibility of break-ins and theft of cash. Thus, it lowers the income and financial gaining of the company and increase risk related to improper financial management. Moderate: The banking risk is moderate for the company. The likelihood of risk is moderate because the cases of robbery and thefts are very much uncertain and can arise anytime. Additionally, in accordance to the current security measures in the store, the possibility of break-ins is estimated at 50%. The consequences of evolving banking risks are very much severe and are presented below: 1. Robbery in store will result to financial losses and will hamper the sustainability of business operations 2. Not keeping the regular update of register by the authority will create difficulty in monitoring the financial performances of business 3. The events related to break-ins will possibly result to physical injury and personal harm to the staff members 4. The staff members of the store develop insecurity feeling about their wellbeing in working environment The banking risk can be resolved with the initiative of opening bank account of the store rather than keeping cash. The practice of keeping regular record of cash transaction should be made compulsory. To make the responsible staff committed towards keeping the records updating, training initiative can be an effective measure (Jones, 2007). 3 To evaluate the likelihood, consequence and priority of banking risk, the situational practice following in the store during the last 2 weeks have been monitored. The measure of opening a bank account will allow insuring the cash of the store and lower the risk and possibility of theft in the store at any point of instance. Moreover, keeping frequent record of daily cash facilitates determining financial strength of the business and possibility of manipulation of funds (Jones, 2007). By-Law Compliance Risk Considering the fact that the store is a family-run store, there is high possibility of developing by-law compliance risk, as family members are employed as staff. Responsible person govern some of the jobroles, such as James is responsible for monitoring and controlling the store operations, while Stirling has the authority to monitor wages policies. However, few activities are conducted in informal manner such as any of the staff members is authorized for making a delivery. This raises fault compliances, if the staff member makes wrong deliveries and does not ensure appropriate care of the responsible job role. Senior authority has also raised the concern that policy measures of the company are verbally informed to staff. Moreover, it does not involve any written documentation. Not having written governing policy measures evolve risk related to high wastage of water in the internal operations that increase unnecessary cost and tax. The likelihood of facing such risk ranges from moderate to high, as the lack of proper formal guided principal create absence of coordination and evolve uncertain working environment. Apparently, the likelihood of the risk depends on the commitment of the employees in their job role and organisational benefits. The consequences of by-law compliance risk are outlined hereunder: 1. Fault in delivery process of the products will hinder the business operations and customers perception 2. Charge of high tax can also be levied by the authorities due to not ensuring conduct of business operations in a sustainable manner 3. High wastage of water can raise issue related to high cost and expenses 4. Customers would loss preference over products offered by the company due to the low commitment of the business over environmental aspects (EPA, 2012; MWRA, 2008) To deal with by-law compliance risk, a guided policy and procedure of performing the organisational operations in sustainable manner should be prepared. A trainer needs to be hired to raise the skills and understanding of the staff members to operate effectively and perform operations with appropriate use of water (Markos Sridevi, 2010). 4 The likelihood, consequence and priority of by-law compliance risk have been determined with growing internal costs and taxable expenses in the recent periods within the organisation. The formulation of written guide policy can be an effective treatment initiative against the identified risk, because it inclines employees to remain committed towards the organisational benefits and lowering the overall costs from their operations (Bertels, Papania Papania, 2010). Human Resources Risk Human resources risk is another possible risk in the organisation, as there is no governing approach to eradicate the occupational hazards or injuries, which might arise in workplace. The personal and confidential data of the staff members in the computer are not been kept in a secured manner. Moreover, certain employees lack understanding about working in appropriate manner in their designated work position. The employees lack understanding about calculation of wage and superannuation. Issue associated to fit-out and improper management of organisational resources are other problems related to human resource. In terms of likelihood, surfacing of such risk is high, as the lack of knowhow of the employees is likely to be uncertain. Moreover, operations in caf include frequent use of computers and other electronic equipments, which make it highly venerable of facing such problem. The adverse consequences of human resources risk include: 1. Disclose of important information about the organisation to third party 2. Manipulation and misrepresentation of confidential information 3. Employees can face occupational hazards or injuries in their work 4. Low motivation and lack of satisfaction among the employees (Pay Benefits, 2016; Ministry of Ethics, 2014; Cole, 2012) The planned measure to lower human resources risk can be possible with the appointment of expertise trainer, who will be responsible for evaluating the technical lags in the organisation and raising the skills and understanding of the staff members about the mode of protecting confidential information. In addition, plan should also include replacement of the old office equipments (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). 1 In frequent occasions, the responsible staff members of the Caf raise concern about the loss of certain information. Discussion of the issue in detailed manner will help in ascertaining likelihood, consequence and priority of such risk. Training by a hired expert is likely to be an effective mechanism, as measure facilitates developing knowledge to evade loss of confidential information and ensure proper management of internal database in the organisation. The training initiative allows developing critical understanding about job requirement and enhances satisfaction (Khan, Khan Khan, 2011). Risk Action Plan Risk Tasks to Complete Timeline Person Responsible Travel Risk The following tasks should be completed to lower the travel risk: 1. Conduct a market analysis of the place nearby the store to purchase or hire property for the central bakery plant 2. Cost-benefit analysis of the properties suitable for central bakery plant 3. Use of telecommunication approach for communicating and avoid frequent visiting of manager to central bakery plant 4. Reduce overtime duration of meeting and refreshment time for the managers, if they have to visit central bakery plant 5. Shift in time of the employees working in central bakery plant and ensure pastries are ready for delivery before high road congestion period 6. Until finalisation and completion of new central bakery plant in nearby place, excessive meeting and need of travelling should be minimised to maximum possible extent to avoid possibility of accident July to October 2016 Ron Langley (Landlord and Counsellor), Board of Directors and Senior Management Team with consultation from Chief Executive Officer Banking Risk To evade banking related risk, the tasks that are needed to be completed include: 1. Consultation with the financial advisor of the company to discuss the issue 2. Opening business account with nearby bank based on the suitability of services 3. Direct the accountant department employees about keeping the records of financial transactions and cash operations in regular basis 4. Developing practice of depositing overnight cash in the bank accounts before the closing of store 5. The senior management of the company need to ask for the regular update of the financial transaction related to the store for evaluation at regular instance to avoid false representation of financial transactions 6. Consult with bank executives to develop real time money transfer solution related to customer payments directly into the bank accounts of the business, which will lower the requirement of keeping excessive liquid cash in store (Segovia, Szczepaniak Niedzwiedzinski, 2013) August to September 2016 Senior Management Team, Board of Directors and Caf Employees responsible for accounting transactions By-Law Compliance Risk The tasks involve in mitigating by-law compliance risk are as follows: 1. Review the measures adopted by the competitors in the market to ensure sustainably of their operations 2. Prepare policy document and Code of Conducts for the employees and evaluate its effectiveness 3. Documentation of Code of Conducts in written forms and communicate to every employees regarding its compliance 4. The written code needs to review its applicability that helps to ensure forming common value and employees perform their operations within the organisational boundary 5. Trainer need to be hired to enrich employees understanding and adopt mechanism of harvesting the rainwater into courtyard to ensure effective utilisation of water 6. The staff members must be guided regarding effective use of dishwashers and water consumption used for cleaning fruits and vegetables 7. Adaptation of quality flushing system in the restrooms and other places within the office premises to avoid excessive water usage and lower the overall cost (Wiggins, 2010) July to August 2016 All the higher and lower authority of employees involved with the company Human Resources Risk To ensure mitigation of human resource risk, the tasks need to conducted: 1. Appoint qualified expertise technical staff 2. Arrangement of training session for the employees, wherein they learn about the technical knowhow of keeping secured personal and official data and information 3. Evaluate the effectiveness and learning outcome of the training module and communicate it to the employees to underwent with training process 4. Repair the current fit-out and old equipments of stores 5. Developing proper reporting mechanism of preventing the occupational hazards behaviour by appointing a sole communicating agent in the store responsible for evaluating the problems 6. Motivate the employees to adopt and implement that they have learnt during the training sessions by communicating advantages and benefits of the change practice 7. Monitoring the actions of the employees frequently after training initiative by the senior manager to evaluate if the risk is prevailing in the working environment (Niazi, 2011) July to August 2016 Senior Management Team and Caf Employees References Bertels, S, Paranoia, L Papania, D 2010, Embedding sustainability in organizational culture:A systematic review of the body of knowledge, Simon Fraser University, pp. 8-67. Cole, M A 2012, Disclosing confidential information, Minnesota Office of Lawyers Professional Responsibility, pp. 1-4. EPA 2012, Saving water in restaurants, Water Sense, viewed 07 July 2016, https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/docs/factsheets/restaurants_fact_sheet_508.pdf. Fawcett, S E, Magnan, G M McCarter, M W 2008, Benefits, barriers, and bridges to effective supply chain management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 35-48. 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